The sun remains a mystery despite ongoing studies, with soaring temperatures, massive flares, and coronal mass ejections (CMEs) among the phenomena that occur on our closest star. Sunspots are one of the easily visible features of the sun, caused by magnetic fields inhibited the flow of hot gases from the sun’s core. Coronal mass ejections are massive blasts of plasma…
The universe is a vast expanse filled with billions of galaxies and stars, dark matter, and dark energy. Scientists believe the universe began with the Big Bang, causing rapid expansion and cooling leading to the formation of stars and galaxies. Edwin Hubble’s discovery of the expanding universe challenged earlier theories that it was stagnant and eternal. Today, scientists use telescopes,…
Half of the world’s population will live in water-stressed areas by 2025, according to the United Nations, making water conservation increasingly vital. Using less water protects the environment as it puts less pressure on natural water sources, saving energy in the process. It also saves money, by reducing monthly water usage and bills. From fixing leaks to using low-flow showerheads…
Underwater forests, dense collections of submerged trees found in freshwater lakes, rivers, and oceans, are a hidden wonder with significant ecological, scientific, and cultural importance. They provide a crucial habitat for aquatic and seafloor animals, nutrient cycling, and contribute to ecosystem health. Studying them can provide insights into climate change’s effects on marine life, and they have served as important…
Wave minimum in oceanography refers to the lowest point of a wave, occurring between two consecutive crests or peaks. Waves are an essential aspect of the ocean’s dynamics, affecting physical and biological properties, marine ecology, and coastal safety. This article explores the different types of waves, wave-height and period, and their significance in oceanography. It also provides answers to frequently…
Niagara Falls is a world-famous natural wonder located on the border between Ontario, Canada, and New York, USA. It is a product of the Ice Age, featuring three sections – the American Falls, Bridal Veil Falls, and Horseshoe Falls. The falls receive water from the Great Lakes and generate abundant hydroelectric power. Its natural beauty is not limited to sheer…
The oldest tree on earth, Methuselah, is a Great Basin bristlecone pine estimated to be over 4,800 years old. Its resilience and longevity have attracted numerous researchers who seek to unravel its mysteries and understand its secrets. Methuselah’s extraordinary ability to adapt to its environment allows it to survive in harsh conditions such as high altitudes, strong winds, and extreme…
Soil provides essential nutrients, water and support for crops, but the quality can vary depending on climate, geography, soil management and the use of fertilizers and chemicals. Soil minimum is the minimum level of soil disturbance needed for seed placement and crop establishment, including tillage and plowing, but research suggests these activities can cause negative impacts on soil health and…
Sand is a plentiful and diverse material, made up of small rock particles ranging from 0.063mm to 2mm in size, covering over 70% of the Earth’s surface. It is a naturally occurring material primarily composed of silica and can be found on beaches, deserts, rivers, and underwater. Sand has various physical properties, such as different size distribution and shapes, making…
Iceland’s volcanic terrain is known for its surreal, diverse and captivating landscapes, with the island nation hosting more than 200 volcanic mountains, many of which remain active. The terrain comprises shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, fissure vents and sub-glacial volcanoes, with glaciers such as Vatnajokull, Langjokull, and Myrdalsjokull home to sub-glacial volcanoes that create stunning scenery. Popular destinations include the Golden Circle,…